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Death by Medicine
By Gary Null, Ph.D., PhD; Carolyn Dean MD, ND; Martin Feldman, MD; Debora Rasio, MD; and Dorothy Smith, PhD
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ABSTRACT
Table 1: Estimated Annual Mortality and Economic Cost of Medical Intervention
Table 2: Estimated Annual Mortality and Economic Cost of Medical Intervention
Table 3: Estimated 10-Year Death Rates from Medical Intervention
Table 4: Estimated 10-Year Unnecessary Medical Events
INTRODUCTION
Is American Medicine Working?
Underreporting of Iatrogenic Events
Medical Ethics and Conflict of Interest in Scientific Medicine
THE FIRST IATROGENIC STUDY
ONLY A FRACTION OF MEDICAL ERRORS ARE REPORTED
PUBLIC SUGGESTIONS ON IATROGENESIS
DRUG IATROGENESIS
Medication Errors
Recent Adverse Drug Reactions
Medicating Our Feelings
Television Diagnosis
How Do We Know Drugs Are Safe?
Specific Drug Iatrogenesis: Antibiotics
The Problem with Antibiotics
Cesarean Section
NEVER ENOUGH STUDIES
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
BEDSORES
MALNUTRITION IN NURSING HOMES
Nosocomial Infections
Outpatient Iatrogenesis
Unnecessary Surgeries
MEDICAL ERRORS: A GLOBAL ISSUE
HEALTH INSURANCE
WAREHOUSING OUR ELDERS
Overmedicating Seniors
WHAT REMAINS TO BE UNCOVERED
Appendix: OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT (OTA)
General Facts
Hospitals
Health-Related Research and Development
Pharmaceutical and Medical-Device Industries
Health Care Technology Assessment
Examples of Lack of Proper Management of HealthCare
Treatments for Coronary Artery Disease
Computed Tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Laparoscopic Surgery
Infant Mortality
Screening for Breast Cancer
Summary
References